Injury to the skin can result either from thermal injury following temperature elevation in skin tissues or from a photochemical effect (e.g., 'sunburn') from excessive levels of actinic ultraviolet radiation. At approximately 750 nm, absorption to the subcutis occurs.Ģ50 Watt Laser Moving at 1 Inch per SecondĪs shown above, the immediate effect of exposure to laser light above the biological damage threshold is normally burning of the tissue.

Laser effects on tissue depend on - the power density of the incident beam, absorption of tissues at the incident wavelength, time beam is held on tissue, and the effects of blood circulation and heat conduction in the effected area.Īs indicated by the illustration above, different wavelengths of light penetrate the skin in different ways. The thickness of this layer varies according to the area of the body as well as from person to person.

The subcutaneous tissue is made up mostly of fatty tissue serving as insulation and as a shock absorption medium.

The thickness of this layer varies over the body from 1-4 mm. Included in this layer are nerve cells, blood vessels, and lymphatic glands.

The dermis corium is made up largely of connective tissue which gives the skin its elasticity and supportive strength.

It has a relatively uniform thickness of about 50-150 µm.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of living tissue, where the tanning process takes place.

The thickness is 8-20 um except on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands where it is 500-600 µm. It consists of flattened, dead epidermal cells that protect the living tissue from water loss, injury from physical objects, and radiant energy.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer or the horny layer.

UV exposure is also associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer and premature aging (wrinkles, etc) of the skin. A sunburn (reddening and blistering) may result from short-term exposure to the beam.

Far and Mid-ultraviolet (the actinic UV) are absorbed by the epidermis.

The epidermis is the outermost living layer of skin. Depending on the wavelength, the beam may penetrate both the epidermis and the dermis. Lasers can harm the skin via photochemical or thermal burns. The most likely skin surfaces to be exposed to the beam are the hands, head, or arms. Skin is the largest organ of the body and, as such, is at the greatest risk for coming in contact with the laser beam.

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